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    What is IIS for Windows Server?

    IIS (Internet Information Services) is Windows Server’s built-in web server. With IIS you can host websites and APIs, publish static and dynamic content (e.g. ASP.NET or classic ASP), and enable modules for logging, security, and performance. 

    IIS is a modular web server for HTTP(S), with optional modules for authentication, compression, WebSocket, FTP(S), and advanced logging. Thanks to its modular design, you only install what you need, keeping your server lean and manageable. 

    IIS is a standard component of Windows Server that can be enabled via Windows PowerShell, or the Windows Server ‘Add Roles and Features’ wizard.


     

    Installing IIS in Windows Server

     

    Install IIS via PowerShell

    Step 1

    Click the Windows Start button, type ‘PowerShell’, and click ‘Run as Administrator’.

    windows start powershell admin


     

    Step 2

    Run the following command to install IIS:

    Install-WindowsFeature -name Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools

    You can install optional components at the same time by using a comma-separated list, for example:

    Install-WindowsFeature -name Web-Server, Web-ASP -IncludeManagementTools

    A complete overview of features you can install alongside IIS in this way can be found in the section ‘Overview of IIS role services and PowerShell names’. The Web-Ftp-Server feature is a separate but related role service and is therefore not listed in that overview.

     
     

    Install IIS via the ‘Add Roles and Features’ wizard

    Step 1

    Connect to your Windows Server via Remote Desktop, the VPS console (VPS) or the OpenStack console (OpenStack instance).


     

    Step 2

    Click the Windows Start button and then ‘Server Manager’.

    windows search server manager


     

    Step 3

    Then click ‘Add roles and features’.

    windows server add roles


     

    Step 4

    You will now see the ‘Before You Begin’ page. You can choose not to see this page again when adding roles & features in future. Click ‘Next’ after reviewing the points under ‘before you continue’.

    add roles and features wizard before you begin


     

    Step 5

    Under ‘Installation Type’ you can choose between ‘Role-based or feature-based’ and ‘Remote Desktop Services installation’. Choose ‘Role-based or feature-based’ and proceed to the next step.

    windows add role based installation

    Roles add software aimed at specific tasks, such as hosting websites, to Windows Servers; features add extra functionality to that software.


     

    Step 6

    Next, choose which VPS you want to install on. By default, the VPS on which you’re running the installer will be selected. Click ‘Next’ to continue.

    If you use a server pool to install and manage roles from a central server, you’ll see multiple servers here and can select the desired server.


     

    Step 7

    Select ‘Web Server (IIS)’ in the list of features.

    You’ll immediately see a pop-up window asking whether you want to install the required features for IIS. Click ‘Add Features’ to accept this.


     

    Step 8

    Don’t make any changes in the ‘Features’ view and click ‘Next’.

    Also skip the introduction page for the Web Server Role (IIS) installation.

    In the ‘Role Services’ view, select any optional IIS components or Role Services you wish to install, such as the FTP Server, and click ‘Next’.


     

    Step 9

    Optionally tick ‘Restart the destination server automatically if required’ and click ‘Install’ to confirm your choices from the previous steps and install IIS.

     
     

     

    Overview of IIS role services and PowerShell names

     

    The tables below show, per category, the display name, the corresponding -Name for Install-WindowsFeature, and a short description. 

     

    Common HTTP Features

     

    Feature PowerShell name Short description
    Default Document Web-Default-Doc Serves default documents (e.g. index.html).
    Directory Browsing Web-Dir-Browsing Displays directory contents when no default document exists.
    HTTP Errors Web-Http-Errors Custom error pages for HTTP status codes.
    Static Content Web-Static-Content Delivers static files (HTML, CSS, JS, images).
    HTTP Redirection Web-Http-Redirect Manages 3xx redirects at site/folder level.
    WebDAV Publishing Web-DAV-Publishing Publish/edit content via WebDAV.

     

    Health & Diagnostics

     

    Feature PowerShell name Short description
    HTTP Logging Web-Http-Logging Standard IIS traffic logs to files.
    Custom Logging Web-Custom-Logging Custom log format via plug-in.
    Logging Tools Web-Log-Libraries Additional logging tools and libraries.
    ODBC Logging Web-ODBC-Logging Logs to a database via ODBC (be mindful of performance).
    Request Monitor Web-Request-Monitor Real-time request monitoring.
    Tracing Web-Http-Tracing FREB (Failed Request Tracing) for in-depth diagnostics.

     

    Performance

     

    Feature PowerShell name Short description
    Static Content Compression Web-Stat-Compression Compresses static content (gzip/deflate).
    Dynamic Content Compression Web-Dyn-Compression Compresses dynamic responses.

     

    Security

     

    Feature PowerShell name Short description
    Request Filtering Web-Filtering Blocks unwanted URL patterns and extensions.
    Basic Authentication Web-Basic-Auth HTTP Basic authentication.
    Windows Authentication Web-Windows-Auth Integrated Windows authentication (Kerberos/NTLM).
    Digest Authentication Web-Digest-Auth HTTP Digest authentication.
    URL Authorization Web-Url-Auth Per-URL authorisation rules.
    IP and Domain Restrictions Web-IP-Security Allow/deny access by IP/domain.
    IIS Client Certificate Mapping Authentication Web-Cert-Auth Certificate mapping in IIS itself (not AD mapping).
    AD Client Certificate Mapping Authentication Web-Client-Auth Certificate mapping against Active Directory.
    Centralized SSL Certificate Support Web-CertProvider Central certificate store for multiple sites.

     

    Application Development

    Feature PowerShell name Short description
    .NET Extensibility 3.5 Web-Net-Ext IIS integration with .NET 3.5 (requires .NET 3.5).
    .NET Extensibility 4.8 Web-Net-Ext45 IIS integration with .NET 4.x.
    ASP Web-ASP Classic ASP runtime.
    ASP.NET 3.5 Web-Asp-Net ASP.NET on .NET 3.5 (requires .NET 3.5).
    ASP.NET 4.x Web-Asp-Net45 ASP.NET on .NET 4.x.
    CGI Web-CGI CGI/FastCGI for e.g. PHP.

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