Linux has several text editors to open files, of which the most famous are Nano and Vi. We recommend learning to use Vi, see our VI article. Nano is easier to use if you have no experience with either. For that reason, you always see nano in the instructions in our Knowledge Base.

In this article, we explain how you can efficiently edit files with Nano.

Installing Nano

With a minimal installation, Nano is not available by default in most OSs. Therefore, we go through the installation of Nano first.

CentOS 7

sudo yum -y install nano

Ubuntu

sudo apt install -y nano

Using Nano

The use of Nano is relatively simple and will feel familiar to people who are used to keyboard shortcuts in Windows.

Opening files

In Linux, every file is a text file. You open a file with Nano via the command:

nano /map/bestandsnaam

Suppose you want to view /var/log/messages, here, the command would then be nano /var/log/messages.

General

In Nano, you usually use a key combination of control + a letter. Many commands also have an alternative using the Function keys. Below is an overview of some general management functions of Nano.

Navigating in files

JWith Nano, you can use the arrow, and navigation (home, end, etc.) keys to move the cursor. You often work with larger files and in that case, that is not the easiest way of working. Nano has a number of useful methods to quickly go through a file to the place you want to go to.

Cut copy paste

Do you use Putty in Windows? Then you can select text with your mouse. This will automatically appear in your clipboard and you can paste it in Windows. You can also use the shortcuts in the overview below, or of course keys such as delete or the arrow keys, to remove a character or to move your cursor.

For these functions, if you copy or cut, all content will be in the clipboard until you actually paste it or close nano. Suppose that you copy a line with alt + 6 and then press alt + 6 again, then both lines are remembered in the clipboard. With ctrl + u, you paste them both at once.

Line numbers in Ubuntu 18

Ubuntu 18 has an advantage when using Nano compared to other OSs (at the time of writing): A newer version of Nano is used with which you can display line numbers.

In addition, colour code is also used, for example with commented (#) rules, which makes your files a lot clearer.

Showing line numbers

• In an open file, show line numbers by pressing alt + shift + 3.
• o automatically open line numbers in all files, open / create the file .nanorc

  nano ~/.nanorc

  Add the following and save the changes (ctrl + x> y> enter)

  set linenumbers

  In an opened file, you can toggle line numbers on / off with alt + shift + 3.

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